Cyber Security

• Cybersecurity ka matlab hai computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks aur data ko malicious attacks se protect karna. Isse information technology security ya electronic information security bhi kaha jata hai.

Yeh term kaafi contexts mein use hota hai, jaise business se lekar mobile computing tak, aur isse kuch common categories mein divide kiya ja sakta hai:

1. Network Security: Iska focus hota hai computer network ko intruders (targeted attackers ya opportunistic malware) se secure karna.

2. Application Security: Software aur devices ko threats se free rakhne par dhyan deta hai. Agar application compromise ho jaye, to woh us data tak access de sakti hai jo woh protect karne ke liye bani thi. Successful security design stage se hi start hoti hai, program ya device ke deploy hone ke pehle hi.

3. Information Security: Data ki integrity aur privacy ko protect karta hai, chahe woh storage mein ho ya transit mein.

4. Operational Security: Data assets ko handle karne aur protect karne ke processes aur decisions ko cover karta hai. Users ke network access permissions aur data store/share karne ke procedures yahan aate hain.

5. Disaster Recovery aur Business Continuity: Cyber-security incidents ya kisi aur event (jo operations ya data ka loss cause kare) ka response define karta hai. Disaster recovery policies organization ki operations aur information ko restore karne ka plan deti hai, aur business continuity tab kaam aati hai jab kuch resources ke bina bhi operate karna ho.

6. End-User Education: Cyber-security ka sabse unpredictable factor hai: log. Agar users acchi security practices follow na karein, to woh ek virus secure system mein introduce kar sakte hain. Jaise suspicious email attachments delete karna, unidentified USB drives na plug karna, aur important lessons sikhana security ke liye zaroori hai.

Cyber Threats ka Scale Global cyber threats rapidly evolve kar rahe hain, aur har saal data breaches ka number badhta ja raha hai. Ek report ke mutabik 2019 ke pehle 9 mahino mein hi 7.9 billion records data breaches se expose hue, jo 2018 ke same period se 112% zyada hai.

Medical services, retailers aur public entities sabse zyada breaches face karte hain, jisme malicious criminals ka kaafi bada role hota hai. Financial aur medical data collect karne wale sectors cybercriminals ke liye zyada attractive hote hain, par har business jo networks use karta hai, woh target ban sakta hai.

Cyber threats badhne ke saath, cybersecurity solutions par global spending bhi badh rahi hai. Gartner ke mutabik 2023 tak cybersecurity spending $188.3 billion tak pahuch jayegi aur 2026 tak $260 billion cross kar legi. Governments ne bhi guidance launch ki hai organizations ki cyber-security practices improve karne ke liye.

• U.S.: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ne ek cyber-security framework create kiya hai, jo malicious code detect karne aur resources ka real-time monitoring recommend karta hai.

• U.K.: National Cyber Security Centre ka "10 steps to cyber security" guidance diya gaya hai.

• Australia: Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) naye cyber-security threats ke liye regular guidance publish karta hai.

Cyber Threats ke Types Cyber-security ke against threats teen tarah ke hote hain:

1. Cybercrime: Financial gain ya disruption ke liye systems ko target karna.

2. Cyber-attack: Politically motivated information gathering.

3. Cyberterrorism: Electronic systems ko undermine karke panic ya fear create karna.

Common Threat Methods:

1. Malware: Malicious software jo hackers legitimate user ke computer ko disrupt ya damage karne ke liye banate hain. Yeh unsolicited email attachment ya legitimate-looking download ke through spread hota hai. Malware ke types hain:

   • Virus: Self-replicating program jo clean files ko infect karta hai.

   • Trojans: Legitimate software ke disguise mein malware hota hai.

   • Spyware: User ke actions secretly record karta hai.

   • Ransomware: Files aur data ko lock karke ransom demand karta hai.

   • Adware: Advertising software jo malware spread kar sakta hai.

   • Botnets: Malware-infected computers ka network jo unauthorized tasks perform karta hai.